What are the last two characters?
That’s a tricky one. I guess it sort of means “it is that” if you take it super literally? “It is that I want to try on the suit.” But in practice, it just adds a level of politeness and formality to the sentence.
You will hear a lot of masu (ます) and desu (です) tossed in there all over the place when people are trying to be courteous.
While the other answer is correct and more comprehensive, in this phrase the particles are purely used to make the phrase “polite”. Take them out and the phrase is semantically correct and has the exact same meaning, but it can now only be used in an informal settings (between friends, family, …)
Disclaimer: I have only basic knowledge of Japanese, and my Japanese teacher would enthusiastically confirm.
I don’t speak a lick of Japanese but I found this online:
です is used to mark words as polite if they cannot conjugate to show politeness themselves… です is one of the most fundamental words in the Japanese language. It’s super useful — it can be attached to just one other word to form some basic sentences. It’s also quite safe to use since it’s part of the polite form, so you’re unlikely to offend someone with this word… です can be tacked onto the end of a noun, な-adjective, or い-adjective to form a polite, positive, present tense sentence (say that ten times fast 😉). In other words, it allows us to talk about something that is true, and relevant to the present moment and/or the future—all in a polite way of course.
So it’s bitte for Japanese?
Ja
It’s the Japanese copula
a copula is a word or phrase that links the subject of a sentence to a subject complement, such as the word is in the sentence “The sky is blue” or the phrase was not being in the sentence “It was not being cooperative.”
Desu sort of means “it is”, but it is a sentence ending formality.
It bothers me that “desu” (the last two characters) aren’t pointing at the period at the end of the sentence.
I lived in Japan for 3 years and took an elementary Japanese college course from an old Japanese lady while I was there. She always described “desu” as an audible period mark. Formally declaring the end of a sentence. Simply adding it to the end of a word can turn it into a full and complete sentence.
As other comments mentioned, removing it makes the sentence less formal, which is fine with friends and family. There are several ways to speak Japanese depending on who you’re talking to. Whether it’s a friend, a lover, your boss, a stranger… there are several variations of politeness/formality to the language, which makes it very difficult to learn how to speak properly.
“Desu” is pronounced “dess” (don’t say the “U”) in traditional dialects. Or if you’re from Southern Japan, their “southern drawl” includes pronouncing every single character, so you’d pronounce it “de-soo.”
By bad dubs of Japanese samurai movies, based on deliberately Yoda’s idiosyncratic speech pattern was.
I’ve often wanted a direct literal translation in the subtitles.
Like, I want my subtitles to read
I hotel from the street across that’s a shop I saw a suit on try want to.
Because then at least I can learn to understand “Watashi” is self-reference, and match up the phonetics with the words.
Transliteration of individual characters is a surprising good way to understand/learn Chinese. A colleague of mine once read the whole Tao Te Ching this way.
I love this idea!
The translation isn’t as direct as the lines in the image imply though. “Watashi wa” becoming “I” hides that “wa” is a grammatical marker for the topic, kind of, of the sentence. More complete it’s like, “I, as the topic of this sentence”. You end up with a direct in place translation of “I, as the topic, a hotel’s across the street, as a location, a shop, as a setting, exists, saw a suit, to which, wearing as a desire, is true”
Japanese particles.
Particles are used together with words to mark their grammatical role in the sentence.
私(は) - I (subject)
ホテル(の)向かい(に) - hotel (possessive) across the street (to)
(お)店(で) - (just makes the sentence more formal) shop (in)
スーツ(を) - suit (object)Fun thing about particles is that word order is a lot more flexible compared to English. As long as the right particles are attached to the right words, you can sometimes* swap around the order of these words and still be grammatically correct.
This Japanese interpreter did a TEDx talk about her work. She mentions a few issues with going between Japanese and English, like how subjects in Japanese are often dropped from sentences, so she once made the assumption to give a CEO a male pronoun only to find out that the CEO was female when she walked in the room shortly after.
The interpreter also says that you can’t wait to have all the information about a sentence to start translating, so she likens it to “watching a thriller” because you don’t know whether the verb at the end is “going to negate the whole sentence”.
“That’s so cool… NOT.”
But an entire language like that.
That’s literally how negation works in Japanese lol
I know it comes off weird to me because I’m a Westerner, but I wonder what cultural and cognitive benefits can be directly linked to having your language innately require the listener to actually wait, listen, and then respond.
Or maybe I’m assuming it works that way, but when you actually live in that culture and language, you are more likely to predict what is gonna be said so the same kind of foot in mouth moments can happen.
The word order doesn’t really make you wait longer or listen more carefully-- you’re just getting the information in different places. Like if you looked at a sentence without the last word, in English you have “Give the ball to X” and in Japanese you have “Ball to John X”. In English you’re waiting to see who receives the ball and in Japanese you’re waiting to hear what to do with it.
The more confusing aspect of Japanese is that it’s a high context language, meaning that once things like subjects and objects are understood between speakers, those things get dropped from sentences. A sort of analogous thing in English would be use of pronouns-- once both speakers understand who or what is being talked about, we stop using the name for the person or object and use s/he or it. In Japanese, those pronouns would get dropped entirely.
Because of that, Japanese can be really frustrating for a language learner because you’re already maybe missing some parts of sentences, and so if you miss the one crucial thing that’s being talked about, moving forward you don’t even have a pronoun clue to give you a hint.
I tried learning Japanese and struggled for exactly the reasons you describe so clearly. I felt I might manage to learn if I were living in Japan and picking up the contextual clues but I could not learn Japanese effectively from a textbook. Visiting Japan is high on my wish list, maybe one day.
That occurred to me too - I am old and can recall how we used to communicate and we were much more likely to give people time and hear them out than now. I am British and we now typically speak faster than we used to, youngest generation gobbles so fast I find what they say incomprehensible except for the expletives, and our accents have changed - standardised around Americanised, Londonised, British generic. There used to be strong regional accents, even separate dialects that had survived for centuries, but now these have effectively gone extinct and if I use a dialect word no one under fifty knows what it means. I find that rather sad. As for writing, this too is abbreviated and simplified e.g. using emojis instead of trying to describe complex emotions. I see this as a top-down change driven by technology and monetisation of social lives - it promotes brief attention spans, rapid turn-over of thought/feeling, quickly onto next topic, see another ad, move on, repeat, no leisure to reflect or second-guess or share a process with others. I find it debases public culture, encourages divisions and intolerance, and promotes political extremism (mainly of the Right since the Far-Right approves instinctive action over rational choices - ‘move fast, break stuff’ as does predatory capitalism - ‘don’t think, just buy!’). Everything is ‘hot takes’, empty slogans, and algorithm-led scripted reactivity.
I am not surprised that there is a global loss of literacy and language comprehension skills - in China, reliance on mobile technology means using predictive speech-to-text (Chinese language cannot be written effectively with keyboards) or voice control with the result that even university-educated Chinese now struggle to read or write less common words e.g. ‘brassicas’ rather than ‘cabbages’. Take away phones and/or censor the use of this technology e.g. ban some vocabulary so it cannot be communicated in writing, spoken to others via technology, or be used to control technology, and Chinese citizens will soon be unable to communicate or think independently.
To avoid dystopian futures, I think we will have to take responsibility to reclaim these skills and/or resist the change by being ‘old fashioned’ especially when using new technology like AI or when online. Like I am now - writing a lot instead of a few hot words and expecting others to donate time and bother to read me. This kind of communication is either reactionary or revolutionary now, radical Right or radical Left. This kind of English is the luddite sabotage of the C21st. I want to use this kind of slow language to promote Leftist politics. Bring back the verbose! Bring back slow time! Save humanity! I guess I am in a minority on this but I always have been all my life so I shrug and continue. In practical terms, I ration my exposure to fast language and spend a lot of time reading paper books or listening to archive audio from C20th where the language is slower and at a pace that supports meaningful conversation (even if it is just imagined dialogue between the reader or listener and the author or speakers). Thank you for reading this far (if you did).
That last part is really funny for me currently learning Japanese. The differnece between desu and janaidesu is always at the end, but makes (in my head) a “it’s like that” into a “it’s not like that” thus negating the whole sentence. A constant lookout for a “NOT” at the end of each sentence.
What if you take the speculative execution strategy and have multiple interpreters translating every possible semantic branch and then throwing out the recordings of the interpretations that were incorrect? 🙃
AI does this with MLM. I rest my case.
Can’t wait for the Spectre/Meltdown exploit.
Why would you do that?
You have to wait for the last work in the sentence anyway so doing extra calculations to throw out later isn’t making it faster.
American anime fans know you can get by with saying the English word plus “ZUUUUUUU!”
It would be better to have a layer in between. That layer would consist of concepts.
E. g. “I” <-> self-reference & object <-> “watashi”
or “I” <-> self-reference & subject <-> “watashi wa”.That’s how translation software often works.
Having been a relay operator for a few years, this is true even in English. You might be able to guess what someone is saying (and the floor managers always encouraged trying to) but you’ll never have 100% accuracy and it’s far less confusing to the person getting the “translation” if you don’t have to make any corrections by actually waiting for the person to finish their sentence.
How the fuck did I learn Mandarin but this confusing the fuck out of me.
Mandarin has the same subject-verb-object as English, generally
I’m now convinced the Pacific makes you speak backwards.
So when do I get a UT?
Haha, you could also read this as someone speaking in a way where he constantly interrupts himself–like a really excited little kid.
“I–the hotel is across the street from this store, and in there, I saw this suit I want to try on!”
Japanese is a really fun language, I thoroughly enjoyed the classes I took before my depression swallowed me up for a bit. Absolutely reccomend, it’s only about half as scary as it looks–the syllabary is not difficult to remember, and Japanese is a decently structured, ordered language. The main challenge is expanding your vocabulary, and keeping track of Kanji.
I taught myself Mandarin and found it quite do-able, especially reading it whereas speaking it is harder. Then I tried learning Japanese and gave up. I think you need to know more about Japanese culture and the unspoken meanings to really get the hang of it and use it correctly/politely. All I now can remember of Japanese is ‘maramoto’ (? spelling) which means ‘cute little thing’ and is Japanese for ‘guinea pig’ and ‘chrissimassy cakeo’ which, you’ll never guess, is Japanese for ‘Christmas cake’! I try to imagine myself visiting Japan and trying out my language skills - walking into a hotel and talking to reception by improvising with my only vocabulary - ‘Maramoto, (greeting with a polite bow). Chrissymassy cakeo? (pronounced with accompanying hand gestures so as to convey ‘do you have a room with view of the sea and en suite?’)’ I imagine being politely but firmly shown the door! Ha!
I had thought about learning some Japanese but after seeing this, I’m doubting I could.
You can learn up to early intermediate Japanese pretty easily because you don’t have many inflections to worry about–there are no plurals, no verbs changing according to person (I vs he vs they), no articles, etc. And the verb conjugation is very rigid with literally only two irregular verbs. Also the pronunciation is pretty easy coming from English.
If I had to think about the one aspect that makes it so difficult to continue progressing it’d probably be that not being able to read is a huge roadblock to a major form of language acquisition. That plus a limited amount of sounds makes tons of words homophones or similar. For example you’ve got ko-kyu-u (breathing) vs ko-oh-kyu-u (high quality, high salary, or permanence depending on how you write it). Yeah they have different pitches (kind of like tones but not really), but that’s just another thing you’ve gotta remember.
Spoken Japanese is not insanely difficult for English speakers, although it is more difficult than Romance languages.
If you try to learn to read and write, you’re in for a world of pain. Probably 3 years of working on it several hours a day. In fact, even Japanese people are losing the ability to write by hand, because it’s easier to type in the phonetic words and have the computer figure out which characters to use.
In fact, even Japanese people are losing the ability to write by hand, because it’s easier to type in the phonetic words and have the computer figure out which characters to use.
That does not seem like a healthy thing for a society. Too dependant on technology to do a basic form of communication.
I think it’s an indication that the written language is not reasonable for the modern age. Granted, Japanese has 2000 characters in everyday use, versus the 10,000 in Chinese, but each character could have up to six or seven different pronunciations based on the context, whereas I think Chinese has one or at most two.
The sticking point is that written Japanese can carry a lot of nuance. For a given word, you may be able to use different characters to emphasize certain meanings. Losing that would be traumatic, especially because the culture has a great deal of love and respect for their heritage.
If i were to real time translate, it would be something like: I went to a shop across the hotel, I saw a suit there, and I wanted to try it on.
More like:
My hotel’s vicinity, within it there is a store where I saw a suit that I want to try on.
It doesn’t say anything about going to the store and it is in the current tense of wanting to try on something that you past-tense saw within the subordinate clause.
Is it odd that I want a whole website of these charts where I can compare the way many many different languages translate the same sentence and see the lines between the meaning components in them?
If you find one, please share with the rest of the class. That would be cool to see.
Then you and I are both odd because that sounds fascinating.
Seems so bad now, Yoda’s fucked up language pattern does not.
А странного что такого? Слов порядок тут обычный.
Translation(order preserved): And wierd what’s here? Of words the order here is common.
Если бы я услышал такой порядок слов, я бы подумал, что русский - не твой родной язык. Звучит стремно
Я бы подумал, что человек либо говорит быстрее, чем думает, либо косплеит Пушкина.
На стиль речи сферического чурки в вакууме не позоже, так как тут предложения построенны грамматически верно, а не как “я твой дом труба шатал”.
