That wouldn’t be a Mastodon or a Lemmy though, but something else.

It could be similar to Lemmy - a kind of federated Academia.edu where each society runs it’s own instance and then the “communities” would be the journals with each paper getting a separate post and then people could comment about them or cross-post the paper to Lemmy or Mastodon if it is relevant. It would be relatively trivial to fork Lemmy and hack it into the format required to publish journal articles through it.