It’s true, at least in French. Because we “concord” (I’m not sure of the translation there) adjectives with the noun, it means that we can understand which adjectives is linked to which noun on complex sentences. Same with some determiners and articles.
A basic example: “Un abricot et des pommes juteuses” (An apricot and some juicy apples) Because in French adjectives comes after the noun, it could apply to either only the apples, or both fruits. But since apricot is masculine, apple is feminine, and “juteuses” is the feminine version of the adjective, we know it applies only to the apples.
But honestly? This feature is not THAT important imo. And it makes gendered languages so much more difficult to learn, even as a native speakers sometimes I misgender some words I’m not used to use.
And my example doesn’t even work if both fruits are the same gender, so it’s not like it is a critical feature of the language!
I understand why Caledonians don’t like the bill, but to answer your questions: yes, they can vote for the French Government, as they are by law French Citizen (as well as Caledonian Citizen, in opposition to someone living in Marseille which only gets the French citizenship and no Provençal citizenship, for instance) They also have a higher autonomy than other French region or department (imo it’s a good thing as they definitely have quite a different situation than metropolitan France regions)
I understand that this situation can look colonial-ish to outsiders, but according to the last referendum, a big majority of Caledonian people wishes to stay French. And they are full French citizens. This is a protest like those in Paris, against our (shitty?) gouvernement, not a protest for independence, afaik