US consumers remain unimpressed with this progress, however, because they remember what they were paying for things pre-pandemic. Used car prices are 34% higher, food prices are 26% higher and rent prices are 22% higher than in January 2020, according to our calculations using PCE data.
While these are some of the more extreme examples of recent price increases, the average basket of goods and services that most Americans buy in any given month is 17% more expensive than four years ago.
I’m not sure if that’s actually true, but I’d note that for certain luxury goods, weird things happen with prices. You can wind up in a situation where higher prices make a good more-desirable because it’s more-exclusive, more of a status symbol.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veblen_good
For luxuries like that, the price can be largely decoupled from the cost of production, and can instead be linked to ability to pay. Like, if the reason you’re buying something is to show off that you can afford to pay the price, the cost of manufacture may not be what sets the price, even in a competitive market.
That being said, that’s not all that common. It probably doesn’t apply to whole classes of goods, but rather specific things like a brand (since if there’s interest in the thing other than as a status symbol, competitors can produce a cheaper thing and find buyers). And the reason that it can be decoupled from the cost of production is only because the price is well above the cost of production.